一、namp简介
Nmap(Network Mapper)是一款网络探测和安全审核的自由软件。虽然它也能扫描单一的主机,但当初设计它的目的是为了快速扫描很大范围的网络。Nmap采用新的方法分析原始的IP包,能确定网络上有哪些可用的主机、主机提供哪些服务(应用程序名和版本号)、运行的操作系统(及其版本号)、使用的包过滤器和防火墙,以及其他一系列功能。Nmap可以在绝大多数计算机上运行,除了有命令行版本之外,还有带GUI的版本。Nmap是一款自由软件,只要遵守GNU 通用公共许可证(GPL),就可以使用完整的源代码。
二、namp使用
中文:
–scanflags < 标志>: 自定义TCP扫描标志-sI < 僵尸主机[:探测端口]>: 闲置扫描
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO 扫描 -sO: IP协议扫描 -b : 使用FTP bounce扫描 端口说明和扫描顺序: -p < 端口范围>: 只扫描指定的端口 例: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9 -F: 快速模式 – 扫描比默认的扫描的端口少 -r: 连续扫描端口 – 不随机 –top-ports < 数量>: 扫描< 数量>个最常见的端口 –port-ratio < 比率>:扫描端口,较常见的 < 比率> 服务/版本检测: -sV: 探索开放的端口,以确定服务/版本信息 –version-intensity < 级别>: 设置从0(浅)到9(尝试所有探测) –version-light: 更快地识别最有可能的探测 (强度 2) –version-all: 尝试每一个探测 (强度 9) –version-trace: 显示详细的版本扫描活动 (用于调试) 脚本扫描: -sC: 相当于–script=default –script=: 是用逗号分隔的目录列表,脚本文件或脚本类别 –script-args=: 脚本提供参数 –script-args-file=文件名:在一个NSE文件中提供脚本参数 –script-trace: 显示所有的数据发送和接收 –script-updatedb: 更新脚本数据库 –script-help=: 显示有关脚本的帮助。 是用逗号分隔的目录列表,脚本文件或脚本类别 操作系统检测:输出:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG < 文件>: 输出标准扫描, XML, s| -oA : 输出三种格式
-v: 提高详细级别 (使用-vv或更多更好的效果) -d: 提高调试级别 (使用-dd或更多更好的效果) –reason: 显示端口的原因是在一个特定的状态 –open: 只显示打开(或可能打开) 端口 –packet-trace: 显示所有的数据包发送和接收 –iflist: 显示主机接口和路由(用于调试) –log-errors: 正常格式输出文件 记录错误/警告 –append-output:追加,而不是更改已经指定输出文件 –resume < 文件名>: 恢复中止扫描 –stylesheet < 路径/URL>: XSL样式表转换XML输出为HTML –webxml: 从Nmap.Org获得更便携的XML参考样式 –no-stylesheet:防止关联的XSL样式表W / XML输出 杂项: -6: 开启IPv6扫描 -A: 启用操作系统检测,检测版本,脚本扫描,路由跟踪 –datadir < 目录名>: 指定自定义的Nmap数据文件的位置 –send-eth/–send-ip: 使用原始的以太网帧或IP数据包发送 –privileged: 假设用户是完全权限 –unprivileged: 假设用户缺乏原始套接字权限 -V: 打印的版本号 -h: 打印此帮助摘要页面。 例如: nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8 nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80更多的选择和例子,请参阅手册页(http://nmap.org/book/man.html)
英文:
Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
--exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
--excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
--dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
--scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
--top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
--port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
--version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
--script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
--script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
--script-trace: Show all data sent and received
--script-updatedb: Update the script database.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
--max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
--host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
--min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
--max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
--data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
--ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
--ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
--reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
--open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
--stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
--datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
--unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (http://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES